A primary reformer is a critical process unit in the petrochemical industry used to convert hydrocarbons—most commonly natural gas or methane—into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (syngas) through a process called steam methane reforming (SMR). This syngas, a mixture primarily of hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO), is an essential feedstock for the production of chemicals such as ammonia, methanol, and various other industrial products.