Fractionating columns, also known as fractional distillation columns, are essential equipment in oil refineries used to separate crude oil into its component parts or fractions based on differences in boiling points. The process is called fractional distillation and is the first and most important step in refining crude oil.The column has multiple draw-off points at various heights to collect these liquid fractions, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricating oils, and gases